Viewed from the command line
What if you wrote the command line type DOS or Linux command line at the command prompt, and prompt the Enter key on your keyboard to execute the command.

The command line has done a better way to work. Therefore, Linux users are still relying on this type of work. Beginners should also be aware, at least the command line, because it is the day menggunanakan knowledge of these commands very necessary.
The following explains the basic commands that can be used primarily by beginners.Please note that knowledge of orders, the other when the field will increase the modern Linux.
Explanation of each command, the price is reduced and the functions of a command, you may want to refer, for example, by the command:
The man is the command to view the manual for a command. How is that kind of man is followed by the Command to know the manual.
Example:
$ Ls Man
The above command is used to show how to use the command ls in its entirety.
The basic commands of Linux commands
As a guideline, here is a list in alphabetical order. In fact, just press TAB twice to see all possible commands that can be used. Suppose you want to know what the command begins with the letter A, just enter and then press tab twice!
After Command Alphabetical
BG aka Cat & cd chown chgrp cp Adduser fg stop chmod grep gzip hostname login logout find less ls man mkdir more pwd pwd kill NSW-mount mv rm rmdir tail end of her talk tar umount Unzip the zip wall unalias xhost + xset
&
Command and used to execute commands on the back (below) Example:
wget & http://id.wikibooks.org
Command & used behind other commands run in the background. What street in the background? Road Dibackground possibilities that the system run the command itself, without our participation and without the shell / command prompt, other commands may be executed.
See also:
Please refer to Bulgaria and controls FG.
adduser
adduser is used to add users.
Usually by the root user or users will be done to add new accounts. can be continued after this command with the passwd command to the command creates a password for users. Example:
# Adduser Udin
# Udin Passwd
Note that all commands that require root privileges, which I posted here with the # sign to help you distinguish that the command does not require root access.
When you run the adduser command, you will be prompted for a password for the user, the password you created.Fill for the new user twice with the same words.
Alias
Used to give a different name for a command. For example, if you want the command ls can also use the dir command dijalankandengan aliasnya then do the following:
$ Dir = ls alias
If the color screen, you experiment with the following command:
$ Dir = ls alias color ar: always
To see the commands have a different name, then type the alias alone (without arguments). See also order unalias.
bg
To force a suspension process (suspension), running in the background. Suppose you run a command in the foreground (without ending the order & need) and an interpreter if you do, if you set the command and press Ctrl-Z menjalakannya bg slider down. In this way, you have to get rid of the skin, while retaining the old hard drive running in background.
See also the command fg.
Cat
Displays the contents of a file on the screen. Example:
$ Cat / name / of / file
CD
Change the directory or folder, and I think we have problems, use this order because of the similarity of the CD with the DOS command.
chgrp
This command is used to change the group ownership of files or directories. For example, give permission to the group or groups to access a file. Writing syntax is as follows:
# Chgrp
chmod
Ability to add and subtract users permission to access files or directories. You can use the numeric system of coding or letter coding system. There are three types of permits and licenses to be modified as follows:
1st R for reading
2nd W write and
3rd X to run.
The letter code, you can change the permissions on top of each U (user), g (group), or (other) and a (very) simply press the plus sign (+) to add authority and the minus sign ( -) to revoke the licenses.
For example, the permission to read and execute files coba1 the owner and group, the command must be given to:
$ Chmod ug + rx coba1
In order to revoke these permissions:
$ Chmod ug-RX coba1
By using a numerical code, user permissions and the other group is determined by a combination of numbers, 4, 2 and 1, where 4 (Reading), 2 (write) and 1 (running).
For example, to give permission to read (4), write (2) and implementation (1) File coba2 the owner, his orders are as follows:
Chmod $ 700 coba2
Reading a further example of the permission (4) and write (2) coba3 a user's files, please read (4) than for the group and the other, the command is:
Chmod $ 644 coba3
Warning: If you host servers based on Linux, this command is very important for the security of your data. I recommend to all directories that are not related to the type chmod 100 (if the shape of Apache as the current user ()) or chmod 501, if the shape of the Apache as www-data and person (other users).
chown
Change the user (owner) of a file or directory ID
Chown $
CP
To copy a file or copy. For example, to copy file1 to file2:
CP $
FG
to run a restoration process that Sementes (suspension stations) in the foreground. See also the above command bg.
Search
To find out where the location of a file. This command will find the files on criteria that you specify.The based syntax, the command itself followed by the appearance of the search for directory names, file names (wildcards can generic use) and the last to determine how research results will be displayed. For example, in order for all files ending in the document in the current directory is searched and the result on the screen:
$ Find.-name *. doc-print
Example results:
. / Public / docs / account.doc
. / Public / docs / balance.doc
. / Public / docs / statistics / prospek.doc
. / Docs / public / statistics / presconf.doc
grep
Orders to analyze the entire regular expression and grep to find files containing text with the specified criteria.
Command Format:
$ Grep
For example, search for files with text in the current directory marginal:
$ Grep marginal
diferent.doc: Please use the words in the marginal zone in the economy prob.rtf: the role of marginal cost and marginal revenue function when prob.rtf: If the marginal cost and the result is called the marginal cost
gzip
This is a free version of the compression function of GNU Zip compressed file. The syntax is very simple:
$ Gzip
However, you can change some parameters if you have a better compression, read the man page. See also the tar file, unzip and zip.
stop
This command can be run from Super useratau connection as root. This command causes the kernel to turn off the system or to stop.
hostname
To display the host or domain name and can be used mengesset also the name of the host system.
Example:
hostname [$ user @ localhost mydirectoryname]
localhost.localdomain
kill
This command sends a signal to a process that we have set. The aim is to stop the process. Write Documents:
$ Kill
PID is a number to stop the process. You know that the process PID is killed? Experience:
PS aux | grep
less
Functions as the control.
Login
To log into the system by using a login ID or you can use to move from one user to another.
Logout
To exit the System.
ls
Displays the contents of a directory that the directory DOS prompt. It may be several options to customize the screen. Running this command without options on all non-hidden files (no point) in the alphabet and a large screen, fill in the fields. Option "It shows all the files and all, including hidden files (files with a prefix of a point) with the long form.
Man
To the manual page or text that explains in details how to execute a command. This command is useful when you forget sometimes or do not know the functions and how to use a command.
Man $
NSW
This command is used by the user to give permission to another user's terminal display screen. For example, you are able to NSW and other users can write a message on the screen or speak.
Y $ mesg mesg n or
N use mesg they want to be disturbed by reports on the screen of other users.
mkdir
Create a new directory, the same as the DOS MD command. A
more
Mempaging side and less
Assembly
This command is the file system to mount a directory or mount point specified. Only root can run this command. To determine which file systems and their pointnya-time mount, type mount command. This command can be learned in the chapter on the file system. See also the command umount.
Mt $
/ Dev/hda3 on / type ext2 (rw)
none on / proc type proc (rw)
/ Dev/hda1 on / dos vfat (rw)
/ Usr type dev/hda4 / ext2 (rw)
not on / dev / pts type devpts (rw, mode = 0622)
mv
To move files from one place to another. If the second argument is a directory mv move files from this directory. If the second argument is the name of the first file will overwrite the file in the second.Be in error if you enter more than two arguments, but the last argument is a directory.
passwd
Allows you to change the password. If you are prompted to enter your old password and then prompted to enter the new password twice. Password of at least six characters and at least one character.
PWD
List of published works, or display the name of your current directory, where you are.
RM
To delete a file and by default removes any directories rm. Use with caution, especially with the-r option, which file can recursively mengapus together.
Again: Be careful with this command!
rmdir
To remove an empty directory.
conclude
This inspection system shutdown, as the halt command. Some systems you on your computer with the shutdown-h now shutdown and reboot with let-r now or in combination Ctrl-Alt-Del.
his
To log in as another user. If the user ID is not included, thinks the computer you want, log in as root or root. If you are not root and other users have the password, you must enter the correct password. But if you are a root user, you can talk to another user without having to connect the user to know the password.
Tail
Displaying 10 lines of a file. Line, which is displayed by default 10, but you can decide how many lines are displayed:
Cola $
speak
To place a call from a terminal. Input terminal can be copied to other devices, so the opposite.
Tar
Store and retrieve files on media such as tape drives or hard drives. File archive is often called tar files. Sintaknya as follows:
$ Tar
Example:
$ NamaFile.tar.gz Tar czvf / name / directory / *
The above command is used to the entire contents of the directory, then tar and compressed with gzip compression, which produces a file called namaFile.tar.gz Others
$ Tar-xzvf namaFile.tar.gz
The above command to remove files namaFile.tar.gz
umount
It is the reverse of the mount command to remove the file system of the mountain-pointnya. After execute this command mount point directory is no longer used.
# Umount
unalias
In contrast to the alias command, this command deletes an alias. To delete the directory alias as above, use the command:
C $ unalias
decompress
It is used to extract or compress files that describe the postcard. Sintaknya simple and unpack the files that you specify:
Extraction $
See also the gzip and unzip it.
Wall
The e-mail messages and displays them in each user terminal is registered. This command is useful for the root or root a warning to the user as an indication that the server is down for some time to give decommissioned.
Wall # Hi … .. immediately to secure your work, I will turn the server for 10 minutes.
that
To show that you signed. This command displays information about the user name, terminal type, access times and the remote host name for each user who logs on. For example:
About $
ttyp0 root 22nd May 11.44 clock
Flory ttyp2 22nd May 11.59 clock
Winnie the Pooh ttyp3 22nd May 24:08
xhost +
This command is used to grant access or remove (access xhost -) or a home user to an X server
xset
This command can set an option in the window of the X as a bell, the speed of the mouse, fonts, set the screen saver and so on. For example, the sound of the bell and the mouse speed can be adjusted by running:
B $ Xset
xset m $
Zip
This command will create and add files in the ZIP file. See also the gzip and unzip it.